Opener Javed Omar lobbed an easy catch to Rikki Clarke at gully as he tried to fend off a short delivery and Habibul Bashar was caught by Marcus Trescothick at first slip trying to force Harmison off the back foot.
Opener Hannan Sarkar was unbeaten on 18 at the close with Rajin Saleh on nought.
Bangladesh won the toss but only four overs were possible before rain forced the players off the field for nearly five hours.
Bangladesh included uncapped left-arm spinner Enamul Haque Jr. in their side and recalled all-rounder Mushfiqur Rahman, while England handed Test debuts to all-rounder Clarke and spinner Gareth Batty.
Scoreboard
Bangladesh (1st innings):
Hannan Sarkar not out 18
Javed Omar c Clarke b Harmison 3
Habibul Bashar c Trescothick b Harmison 2
Rajin Saleh not out 0
Extras: (b-1) 1
Total: (for two wickets, 15 overs) 24
Fall of wickets: 1-12, 2-24
To bat: Khaled Mahmud (captain), Khaled Mashud, Alok Kapali, Mohammad Rafique, Mashrafe Mortaza, Mushfiqur Rahman, Enamul Haque Jr.
Bowling: Hoggard 18-3-14-0, Harmison 7-3-9-2.
