Voges, a 27-year-old who plays for Western Australia, comes in for Damien Martyn, who announced his retirement from first-class cricket earlier in the day.
Symonds replaces paceman Shaun Tait in the 13-man squad which took a 2-0 lead in the five-match series with the six-wicket victory in the second Test at Adelaide on Tuesday.
"The retirement of Damien Martyn has given the panel an opportunity to look at some of the fantastic young players who are emerging in Australia at the present time," chairman of selectors Andrew Hilditch said.
"This was not an easy decision as there are many players pushing for selection which augers well for the future of Australian cricket. We are excited to give Adam this opportunity to join the squad."
Hilditch added that all-rounder Shane Watson had still not recovered sufficiently from the hamstring injury that ruled him out of the opening Tests in Brisbane and Adelaide, but he was expected to be fit for the Melbourne Test starting on Dec. 26.
Symonds played the last of his 10 Tests against South Africa in April.
Australia: Ricky Ponting (captain), Justin Langer, Matthew Hayden, Michael Hussey, Michael Clarke, Adam Voges, Andrew Symonds, Adam Gilchrist, Shane Warne, Brett Lee, Stuart Clark, Glenn McGrath, Mitchell Johnson.
